217. Contains Duplicate
easyAsked at BloombergBloomberg's data-ingestion pipelines must flag duplicate trade confirmations before they corrupt position ledgers — this warmup problem tests whether you instinctively reach for a hash set instead of nested loops when deduplication speed matters.
By Alex Chen, Founder, InterviewChamp.AI · Last verified
Problem
Given an integer array nums, return true if any value appears at least twice in the array, and false if every element is distinct.
Constraints
1 <= nums.length <= 10^5-10^9 <= nums[i] <= 10^9
Examples
Example 1
nums = [1,2,3,1]trueExample 2
nums = [1,2,3,4]falseApproaches
1. Brute force
Compare every pair of elements. Simple but O(n^2) — unacceptable at Bloomberg's data volumes.
- Time
- O(n^2)
- Space
- O(1)
function containsDuplicate(nums) {
for (let i = 0; i < nums.length; i++) {
for (let j = i + 1; j < nums.length; j++) {
if (nums[i] === nums[j]) return true;
}
}
return false;
}Tradeoff:
2. Hash set single pass
Insert each element into a Set. If it already exists, a duplicate is found. Single pass, O(1) amortized lookup.
- Time
- O(n)
- Space
- O(n)
function containsDuplicate(nums) {
const seen = new Set();
for (const n of nums) {
if (seen.has(n)) return true;
seen.add(n);
}
return false;
}Tradeoff:
Bloomberg-specific tips
Bloomberg uses this as a screening warmup — they want to see you arrive at the hash-set solution immediately and articulate the O(n) / O(n) tradeoff in one sentence. The follow-up is usually 'what if you can't afford the extra space?', which leads to sorting in O(n log n) / O(1). Have that answer ready; the problem itself is trivial, but the tradeoff discussion is where Bloomberg measures engineering maturity.
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