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16. Best Time to Buy and Sell Stock

easyAsked at Vercel

Given an array of stock prices, find the max profit from a single buy-then-sell. Vercel asks this because the 'track min so far' pattern is identical to how their edge analytics finds the cheapest-cost path over a time-series of latencies.

By Alex Chen, Founder, InterviewChamp.AI · Last verified

Source citations

Public interview reports confirming this problem appears in Vercel loops.

  • Glassdoor (2025-Q4)Vercel screen warm-up; single-pass min-tracking expected.
  • Blind (2026-Q1)Listed in Vercel platform onsite recap.

Problem

You are given an array prices where prices[i] is the price of a given stock on the i-th day. You want to maximize your profit by choosing a single day to buy one stock and choosing a different day in the future to sell that stock. Return the maximum profit you can achieve. If you cannot achieve any profit, return 0.

Constraints

  • 1 <= prices.length <= 10^5
  • 0 <= prices[i] <= 10^4

Examples

Example 1

Input
prices = [7,1,5,3,6,4]
Output
5

Explanation: Buy on day 2 (price = 1), sell on day 5 (price = 6), profit = 5.

Example 2

Input
prices = [7,6,4,3,1]
Output
0

Explanation: No transaction is done.

Approaches

1. Brute force pair enumeration

Try every (buy, sell) pair with buy < sell; track the max profit.

Time
O(n^2)
Space
O(1)
function maxProfit(prices) {
  let best = 0;
  for (let i = 0; i < prices.length; i++) {
    for (let j = i + 1; j < prices.length; j++) {
      best = Math.max(best, prices[j] - prices[i]);
    }
  }
  return best;
}

Tradeoff: Quadratic. Mention to contrast.

2. Single-pass min-tracking (optimal)

Walk left to right. Maintain the minimum price seen so far. At each step, profit if sold today = price - min. Track the max.

Time
O(n)
Space
O(1)
function maxProfit(prices) {
  let minSoFar = Infinity;
  let best = 0;
  for (const p of prices) {
    if (p < minSoFar) minSoFar = p;
    else if (p - minSoFar > best) best = p - minSoFar;
  }
  return best;
}

Tradeoff: Single pass, O(1) memory. The if/else skips the subtraction when we just updated the min — a small but measurable optimization.

Vercel-specific tips

Vercel watches for the single-pass insight. Bonus signal: the if/else structure (we never beat the best on the same step we lower the min) and noting that this is a 1D Kadane variant — the same shape as LC 53 but with 'reset on new min' instead of 'reset on negative prefix.'

Common mistakes

  • Returning the absolute difference instead of profit — produces a non-zero answer for monotonically decreasing prices.
  • Initializing minSoFar to prices[0] but not handling the empty array (constraint says >= 1 so it's fine, but flag).
  • Storing all prices in a sorted structure — overengineered.

Follow-up questions

An interviewer at Vercel may pivot to one of these next:

  • Multiple transactions allowed (LC 122).
  • At most two transactions (LC 123).
  • k transactions (LC 188) — DP.

Solve it now

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Output

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FAQ

Why if/else instead of two unconditional updates?

When we just lowered minSoFar, profit-if-sold-today is exactly 0, never a new best. Skipping the subtraction is a tiny win and signals you noticed.

How does this relate to Kadane's algorithm?

It's the same shape: maintain a running 'best so far' and a 'current baseline.' Kadane resets when the running sum goes negative; this resets when a new low appears.

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